四川省不同天然种群珙桐叶片解剖结构与其耐热性的关系

以四川省15个珙桐种群为试材,采用石蜡切片法、NaClO法观察叶片16项解剖结构,应用变异系数、聚类分析、相关性分析对叶片解剖结构进行筛选,利用隶属函数法对不同种群的耐热性进行综合评价,以期了解珙桐应对热胁迫的生理变化机制,为野生珙桐资源的保护及园林应用提供参考。结果表明：珙桐叶片为异面叶,气孔主要分布于下表皮。16项解剖结构指标在不同种群间达到极显著差异水平;栅海比、栅栏组织厚度、气孔密度、下表皮角质厚度、主脉凸起度、上表皮角质层厚度、下表皮细胞厚度是影响珙桐耐热性的主要解剖结构指标,叶厚度、海绵组织厚度、主脉厚度、上表皮细胞厚度、主脉维管束厚度、气孔长度、气孔宽度、叶片结构紧密度、叶片结构疏松度与耐热性关系不大;15个珙桐种群耐热性存在一定差异,其强弱顺序为：汉源 > 筠连 > 雷波 > 沐川 > 屏山 > 荥经 > 天全 > 美姑 > 平武 > 碧峰峡 > 北川 > 洪雅 > 宝兴 > 大邑 > 邛崃;15个种群耐热性大致分为4类：汉源种群为耐热型,筠连、雷波、沐川等3个种群为中度耐热型,屏山、荥经、天全、美姑、平武、碧峰峡、北川为低耐热型,洪雅、宝兴、雷波、邛崃等4个种群为不耐热型。     

甘肃小苏干湖盐沼湿地盐地风毛菊叶形态-光合生理特征对淹水的响应

盐沼湿地植物叶片功能性状对淹水的响应分析, 有助于探究植物叶片可塑性机制与光合生理特征间的内在关联性, 对深入理解盐沼湿地植物的生境抗逆性策略具有重要意义。根据小苏干湖湖水泛滥区静水持留时间长短分别设置: 轻度淹水区(静水持留30-90天)、中度淹水区(静水持留90-150天)、重度淹水区(静水持留150-210天) 3个试验样地, 以盐地风毛菊(Saussurea salsa)为研究对象, 研究了小苏干湖盐沼湿地盐地风毛菊叶片功能性状对淹水的响应。结果表明: 随着静水持留时间的增加, 轻度淹水区盐地风毛菊形态上采用小比叶面积(SLA)的肉质化小叶模式, 光合生理上具有高实际光合效率(Y(II))和低调节性能量耗散的量子产额(Y(NPQ))的协同变异; 重度淹水区盐地风毛菊形态和光合生理上则采用与轻度淹水区完全相反的协同变异策略; 在3个样地中, SLA与Y(II)、光化学淬灭(QP)和Y(NPQ)间均呈极显著相关关系; 叶绿素a含量和叶绿素b含量与调节性能量耗散的量子产额(Y(NO))均呈显著正相关关系。小苏干湖湖水泛滥区静水时空演变格局影响下, 盐地风毛菊种群通过改变叶面积、叶厚度和SLA等叶片形态特征, 适时调整叶片Y(II)和Y(NPQ)等光合生理特征, 实现植物叶片光合碳同化产物的收支平衡, 表现出对水盐异质性环境较强的耐受性, 反映了盐沼湿地植物在极端生存环境下的叶片可塑性和抗逆性机制。     

The Genome-Wide Expression Profile of Saussurea lappa Extract on House Dust Mite-Induced Atopic Dermatitis in Nc/Nga Mice

Saussurea lappa has been reported to possess anti-atopic properties. In this study, we have confirmed the S. lappa’s anti-atopic properties in Nc/Nga mice and investigated the candidate gene related with its properties using microarray. We determined the target gene using real time PCR in in vitro experiment. S. lappa showed the significant reduction in atoptic dermatitis (AD) score and immunoglobulin E compared with the AD induced Nc/Nga mice. In the results of microarray using back skin obtained from animals, we found that S. lappa’s properties are closely associated with cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Consistent with the microarray data, real-time RT-PCR confirmed these modulation at the mRNA level in skin tissues from S. lappa-treated mice. Among these genes, PI3Kca and IL20Rβ were significantly downregulated by S. lappa treatment in Nc/Nga mouse model. In in vitro experiment using HaCaT cells, we found that the S. lappa components, including alantolactone, caryophyllene, costic acid, costunolide and dehydrocostus lactone significantly decreased the expression of PI3Kca but not IL20Rβ in vitro. Therefore, our study suggests that PI3Kca-related signaling is closely related with the protective effects of S. lappa against the development of atopic-dermatitis.     

Artificial asymmetric warming reduces nectar yield in a Tibetan alpine species of Asteraceae

Background and Aims Asymmetric warming is one of the distinguishing features of global climate change, in which winter and night-time temperatures are predicted to increase more than summer and diurnal temperatures. Winter warming weakens vernalization and hence decreases the potential to flower for some perennial herbs, and night warming can reduce carbohydrate concentrations in storage organs. This study therefore hypothesized that asymmetric warming should act to reduce flower number and nectar production per flower in a perennial herb, Saussurea nigrescens, a key nectar plant for pollinators in Tibetan alpine meadows.Methods A long-term (6 years) warming experiment was conducted using open-top chambers placed in a natural meadow and manipulated to achieve asymmetric increases in temperature, as follows: a mean annual increase of 0·7 and 2·7 °C during the growing and non-growing seasons, respectively, combined with an increase of 1·6 and 2·8 °C in the daytime and night-time, respectively, from June to August. Measurements were taken of nectar volume and concentration (sucrose content), and also of leaf non-structural carbohydrate content and plant morphology.Key Results Six years of experimental warming resulted in reductions in nectar volume per floret (64·7 % of control), floret number per capitulum (8·7 %) and capitulum number per plant (32·5 %), whereas nectar concentration remained unchanged. Depletion of leaf non-structural carbohydrates was significantly higher in the warmed than in the ambient condition. Overall plant density was also reduced by warming, which, when combined with reductions in flower development and nectar volumes, led to a reduction of ∼90 % in nectar production per unit area.Conclusions The negative effect of asymmetric warming on nectar yields in S. nigrescens may be explained by a concomitant depletion of leaf non-structural carbohydrates. The results thus highlight a novel aspect of how climate change might affect plant–pollinator interactions and plant reproduction via induction of allocation shifts for plants growing in communities subject to asymmetric warming.     

激素对转基因雪莲毛状根植株再生及类黄酮产生的影响

为了研究外源激素GA3和IAA对3个转基因新疆雪莲类黄酮高产毛状根系C17、C27、C46的植株再生及其总黄酮含量的影响,在培养基中添加不同浓度的GA3和IAA,结果发现,GA3浓度高于1.0 mg/L时,可诱导毛状根系产生不定芽,其中以GA3浓度为2.0 mg/L时,转基因毛状根系C17的不定芽再生率最高,可达82％。高压液相色谱以及紫外分光光度法测定结果表明,与未用激素处理的毛状根和它的再生植株相比,外源激素GA3和IAA能显著提高毛状根培养物中芹菜素和总黄酮的含量。毛状根系的组织干重与类黄酮的含量没有相关性,但毛状根系的再生率与类黄酮的含量几乎呈反相关性。     

珙桐苗木叶片光合特性对土壤干旱胁迫的响应

通过控制土壤含水量,研究了土壤干旱胁迫对2年生珙桐(Davidia involucrata Baill.)幼苗叶面积、叶绿素含量、光合作用及叶绿素荧光参数的影响,以探讨珙桐光合作用对土壤干旱胁迫的响应机理.结果表明,干旱胁迫后,珙桐叶片失水脱落,各干旱胁迫处理叶面积比对照显著降低23%～98%,但单位面积的叶绿素含量却无显著变化;干旱处理的珙桐幼苗净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、水分利用效率(WUE)显著低于对照(P<0.05);干旱胁迫对珙桐幼苗叶片的初始荧光产量(F0)及最大荧光产量(Fm)没有产生显著影响,却显著降低了PSⅡ最大光化学量子产量(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ实际光化学量子产量(Yield)、电子传递速率(ETR)及光化学淬灭系数(qP),使非光化学淬灭系数(qN)显著升高(P<0.05).研究发现,土壤水分亏缺对珙桐叶片的光合系统造成了不可逆的伤害,严重抑制了其正常的光合作用和生长发育;珙桐幼苗对土壤干旱胁迫极为敏感.     

金黄色葡萄球菌特异性PCR检测靶点的自动化筛选

从水母雪莲Saussurea medusa Maxim. cDNA文库中得到一段查尔酮合酶基因 (SmCHS) 片段,然后通过RT-PCR得到完整的查尔酮合酶基因cDNA。序列分析表明SmCHS全长1 313 bp,其开放阅读框为1 170 bp,编码389个氨基酸,预测表达蛋白的分子量为43 kDa。构建原核表达质粒pET28a(+)-SmCHS,重组质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),获得表达菌株。经IPTG诱导表达后,对表达产物进行SDS-PAGE分析,结果显示,表达的融合蛋白以部分可溶的形式存在。     

Response of resource allocation of Saussurea leontodontoides during its fruiting stage to the elevation

植物资源分配是目前植物生态学研究的热点问题, 主要集中在性分配和繁殖分配两个方面。该研究以分布在青藏高原的狮牙草状风毛菊(Saussurea leontodontoides)作为研究材料, 研究了6个海拔高度上果期植株的繁殖特征及资源分配的差异, 并用异速模型分析了繁殖性状及资源分配与个体大小的关系。结果显示: 1)狮牙草状风毛菊的个体大小、繁殖器官生物量、营养器官生物量、种子数和营养分配均与海拔存在极显著负相关关系, 百粒质量和繁殖分配与海拔存在极显著正相关关系。2)在不同海拔高度下, 百粒质量、种子数、繁殖器官生物量及营养分配与植株个体大小呈正相关关系; 繁殖分配与植株个体大小呈负相关关系; 而营养器官生物量与植株个体大小呈极显著正相关关系。这表明海拔和个体大小对狮牙草状风毛菊的繁殖对策有不同程度的影响, 狮牙草状风毛菊通过增加繁殖部分的生物量和百粒质量来适应高海拔的胁迫环境。     

新疆雪莲的高效液相指纹图谱及液-质联用分析

建立新疆雪莲药材的高效液相指纹图谱。以Luna C18为分析柱,用乙腈-0.1%醋酸梯度洗脱,获得分离度较好的新疆雪莲药材HPLC分析条件。通过10批样品的分析和对照,标示出12个共有峰,相似度分析大于0.92。最后通过HPLC-UV-MS/MS联用分析鉴定出其中7个化学成分。该方法可为新疆雪莲药材指纹图谱和质量分析方法的建立提供参考。     

雪莲PBP基因表达载体的构建

目的:利用新疆雪莲特殊功能基因磷脂酰乙醇胺结合蛋白基因(XLPBP)与基础质粒构建植物表达载体pXLPBP,为介导该基因在植物中表达,以期提高植物抗寒力的转基因研究打下基础。方法:利用设计好的两端加有EcoRⅠ酶切位点的引物,对XLPBP全长基因片段进行PCR扩增,获得700bp左右大小的片段,将其纯化回收并与同样经过EcoRⅠ酶切的质粒pCAMBIA3301连接;然后采用冻融法和电击法,将含XLPBP基因的载体pCAMBIA3301转入根癌农杆菌中。结果:通过一系列分子克隆方法获得含雪莲XLPBP基因的植物表达载体,并经PCR实验证实。结论:利用以自身携带的非编码区为调控序列的XLPBP全长基因和双向表达载体pCAMBIA3301为基础构建植物表达载体,可望提高外源基因表达量。